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Secular spirituality
(詳細はspiritual ideology without the advocation of a religious framework. Secular spirituality emphasizes the inner peace of the individual rather than a relationship with the divine. Secular spirituality can be understood as the search for meaning outside of a religious institution; in regards to ones relationship with the: self, others, nature and whatever else one considers to be the ultimate.〔Elkins, D. N., Hedstrom, L. J., Hughes, L. L., Leaf, J. A., & Saunders, C. (1988). Toward a humanistic- phenomenological spirituality. ''Journal of Humanistic Psychology.'' 28, 10.〕 Often, the goal of secular spirituality is living happily and/or to help others.〔"The Lost Art of Being Happy; Spirituality for Sceptics" Tony Wilkinson. Findhorn Press 2007. ISBN 1-84409-116-3〕
According to Robert C. Solomon, an American Professor of Philosophy, "spirituality is coextensive with religion and it is not incompatible with or opposed to science or the scientific outlook. Naturalized spirituality is spirituality without any need for the 'other‐worldly.' Spirituality is one of the goals, perhaps the ultimate goal, of philosophy." 〔''Spirituality for the Skeptic: The Thoughtful Love of life'' Robert C. Solomon. Oxford Scholarship Online 2003. ISBN 9780195134674〕 Cornel W Du Toit suggests secular spirituality is unique in that it adapts so well to modern world views, therefore compatible with other modern beliefs and ways of life, building community through shared experiences of "awe." Peter Van der Veer also argues an important aspect of secular spirituality is its promotion of community, creating solidarity through shared universal truth. This 'universal truth' can be experienced through a secular or non-religious world view, without the need for a concept of 'higher power' or a 'supernatural being.' Some traditionally religious practices have been adapted by secular practitioners under a strictly spiritual understanding, such as yoga and mindfulness meditation.
Instances of secular spirituality are mediated differently, as instances of awe can be encouraged through a diversity of unique environments and situations.〔Mahan, Jeffrey. 2012. "Religion and Media." ''Religion Compass'' 6(1): 14-25〕 In the 21st century, individuals increasingly connect with the secular spiritual through technology.〔 As follows, the connection between contemporary spiritual practices and technology is deepening profoundly.〔
==Definition==
Secular spirituality emphasizes humanistic qualities such as love, compassion, patience, forgiveness, responsibility, harmony and a concern for others.〔Dalai Lama, ''Ethics for the New Millennium'', NY:Riverhead Books, 1999〕 Du Toit argues aspects of life and human experience which go beyond a purely materialistic view of the world are spiritual; spirituality does not require belief in a supernatural reality or divine being. Mindfulness and meditation can be practiced in order to cherish, foster, and promote the development of one's empathy and manage more effectively "with solicitude and forgiveness" selfish drivers of behaviour. This can be experienced as beneficial or even necessary for human fulfillment without any supernatural interpretation or explanation. Spirituality in this context may be a matter of nurturing thoughts, emotions, words and actions that are in harmony with a belief that everything in the universe is mutually dependent. Scholar Daniel Dennett suggests spirituality to be connected to "awe and joy and sense of peace and wonder," suggesting "people make a mistake of thinking spirituality... has anything to do with either religious doctrines... or the supernatural," instead claiming spirituality can be and is often entirely secular.
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